Merubah Wajah Tanah Papua Adalah Membangun Indonesia

Pendahuluan
Membangun Papua adalah membangun Indonesia. Pemerintahan Era Presiden Jokowi harus diakui sangat serius dalam membangun Papua, yakni dengan menjadikan Papua dan Papua Barat sebagai salah satu prioritas pembangunan. Komitmen tersebut ditegaskan dengan serangkaian kebijakan mulai dari UU No. 21 Tahun 2001 tentang Otonomi Khusus bagi Provinsi Papua, Inpres No. 9 Tahun 2017, dilanjutkan dengan Inpres No. 9 Tahun 2020 tentang Percepatan Pembangunan Kesejahteraan di Provinsi Papua dan Provinsi Papua Barat, dan Keppres No. 20 tahun 2020 tentang Tim Koordinasi Terpadu Percepatan Pembangunan di Provinsi Papua dan Papua Barat. Kebijakan tersebut kemudian mengalami revisi terkait pelaksanaan Otonomi Khusus yang dituangkan menjadi Undang-Undang No. 2 Tahun 2021.

Sesuai amanat UU No. 2 Tahun 2021, Pemerintah tengah menyusun Rencana Induk Percepatan Pembangunan Papua Tahun 2022 – 2041 serta persiapan pembentukan sebuah Badan Khusus. Diterbitkannya kebijakan afirmatif baru untuk Papua 2020-2024, percepatan pembangunan Papua dan Papua Barat diharapkan semakin terpadu dalam wadah Tim Koordinasi Terpadu Percepatan Pembangunan Papua dan Papua Barat.

Antisipasi dari konsekuensi upaya percepatan pembangunan Tanah Papua telah disiapkan antara lain transisi pelaksanaan dan strategi penataan daerah (pemekaran provinsi), pengelolaan dana otonomi khusus yang lebih akuntabel, penataan kelembagaan pemerintahan daerah, dan strategi meningkatkan peran serta Orang Asli Papua (OAP).

Keseriusan Presiden Jokowi lebih terlihat dengan tindak lanjut menginstruksikan 27 Kementerian/Lembaga untuk melakukan percepatan pembangunan kesejahteraan Provinsi Papua dan Provinsi Papua Barat pada bidang-bidang strategis seperti pelayanan dasar, pengembangan ekonomi lokal, infrastruktur dasar, infrastruktur digital, konektivitas dan tata kelembagaan.

Langkah strategis tersebut rupanya telah membawa kemajuan pada Papua, seperti infrastruktur, pendidikan, sosial, ekonomi dan lainnya. Dana Otsus Papua memiliki dampak positif secara signifikan. Baik dalam bidang politik, sosial, ekonomi dan lain-lain. Meski begitu, dana Otsus harus dievaluasi. Anak Papua harus diberikan kesempatan seluas-luasnya dalam bidang pendidikan untuk membangun Papua lebih baik.

Ada sarana dan prasarana pendidikan, terutama gedung sekolah yang tidak dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Lalu, penempatan guru yang tidak merata, kurangnya peningkatan kapasitas guru di setiap jenjang pendidikan dalam hal pelatihan, dan tunjangan profesi. Hal ini disebabkan minimnya pengawasan, selain dukungan masyarakat. Faktor-faktor ini berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kualitas sekolah dari sisi manajemen berbasis sekolah.

Pembangunan Berimbang
Dalam pembangunan Papua diperlukan sebuah semangat baru, paradigma baru, dan cara kerja baru. Perlu dibangun sebuah sistem dan desain baru, cara kerja yang lebih efektif agar mampu menghasilkan lompatan kemajuan kesejahteraan bagi rakyat Papua dan Papua Barat.

Salah satu hal yang dianggap penting adalah mengubah orientasi pembangunan yang berimbang (balanced development) dari Jawa-Sentris menuju luar Pulau Jawa khususnya di Kawasan Timur Indonesia termasuk Papua. Kemajuan Papua merupakan salah satu indikator pencapaian keberhasilan pembangunan pemerintah yang berorientasi pada Indonesia-sentris.

Terkait kemajuan hasil pembangunan yang Indonesia-sentris, untuk kasus Tanah Papua, tentu saja harus sejalan antara fasilitas dan SDM. Kemajuan ini bisa dilihat banyaknya pemuda dan pemudi Papua yang kini dapat mengenyam pendidikan hingga perguruan tinggi baik di Indonesia ataupun di luar negeri.

Pembangunan infrastruktur jalan, secara fisik terus dilakukan untuk menambah panjang jalan di Papua. Pada saat ini, jalan di Papua meliputi jalan nasional 2.636,73 kilometer, jalan provinsi 2.361,76 kilometer, jalan kabupaten/kota 2.636,73 kilometer. Pembangunan jalan ini dimaksudkan untuk melancarkan akses transportasi dan kegiatan perekonomian di Papua. Selain itu akses jalan ini juga bertujuan untuk menurunkan harga bahan pokok.

Selain itu, untuk mendorong perwujudan dari pembangunan berimbang, percepatan pembangunan hak-hak dasar, perumahan, sanitasi, air bersih, listrik, dan telekomunikasi, serta pemerataan pembangunan infrastruktur, seperti tol laut, Papua Terang 2019, dan Palapa Ring di wilayah Papua, merupakan dari serangkaian rencana aksi turunan dari rencana besar membangun Tanah Papua.

Upaya lain yang patut diapresiasi adalah kebijakan dalam melakukan pemerataan di seluruh wilayah Indonesia, diwujudkan melalui dana desa yang dialokasikan khusus dalam APBN. Dana desa pertama kali dikucurkan pada tahun 2015 dengan jumlah anggaran sebesar Rp 20,76 triliun. Dana desa terus mengalami peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun, pada 2021, anggaran dana yang akan dikucurkan mencapai Rp 72 triliun.

Karena kesempatan itu sudah diberikan melalui dana desa, tentunya ini harus bisa dimanfaatkan oleh seluruh desa di Indonesia, terutama desa-desa di Papua Barat bisa tergerak untuk menjadi bagian dari kemajuan negara.

Membangun Untuk Merubah Wajah Tanah Papua
Dua kata kunci yang harus dimengerti untuk mengubah wajah Papua. Keduanya adalah kedamaian dan harga diri. Pendekatan yang paling tepat bagi Papua adalah bagaimana pengakuan terhadap harkat dan martabat, meski itu sudah ditekankan dalam berbagai regulasi, termasuk UU No.21 Tahun 2021.

Sikap pemerintah juga dinilai belum tepat dalam menyelesaikan masalah Tanah Papua. Salah satunya adalah pengingkaran terhadap masalah di Papua. Terlepas dari kompleksnya masalah Tanah Papua, diskusi-diskusi atau upaya untuk menyelesaikan masalah Papua harus dimulai dengan pengakuan bahwa memang ada konflik di Tanah Papua, terutama terkait Wilayah Adat dan OAP.

Ada beberapa persoalan yang dihadapi untuk merumuskan pendekatan dalam menyusun rencana pembangunan. Ada yang bersifat ekonomi-politik karena perebutan sumber daya alam. Ada pula yang bersifat historis-ideologis, yang berpedoman bahwa masa depan Tanah Papua hanya bisa dibangun jika masa lalunya telah diselesaikan. Pemerintah berasumsi bahwa dengan pembangunan infrastruktur maka akan mendapat legitimasi dari masyarakat yang berada di Tanah Papua, namun kenyataannya tidak demikian.

Konteks konflik bertumpu pada kenyataan yang berkepanjangan, saat ini dan di masa depan. Sedangkan konteks masyarakat adat adalah bahwa pembangunan yang dilakukan pemerintah, belum tentu sesuai dengan kebutuhan di mana masyarakat adat tinggal, karena kemajemukan dan kompleks nya masyarakat adat yang hidup disana.

Dalam permasalahan konflik bersenjata, realita yang terjadi adalah perbedaan cara pandang kelompok separatis dan pemerintah sehingga muncul sentimen-sentimen identitas yang ditambah dengan isu eksploitasi sumber daya alam, sebagai bagian dari konflik di Papua. Itu sebabnya, pembangunan di Tanah Papua sering disertakan pertanyaan “untuk siapa”? Pertanyaan “untuk siapa” karena pengabaian-pengabaian budaya, hukum, wilayah adat serta komunikasi dengan OAP menjadi biasa.

Terlepas dari realita miris diatas. Pemerintah memang membuat program yang langsung menyentuh masyarakat seperti penyediaan instalasi air bersih, sanitasi perumahan dan lingkungan, perumahan dan jalan lingkungan yang layak. Pemerintah juga mendorong konsep pengembangan pasar-pasar yang diharapkan menjadi perangkat interaksi sosial antara suku dan antar agama.

Terlepas kondisi diatas, langkah pemerintah saat ini dicermati cukup efektif dengan melakukan pendekatan dialog guna mengurai persoalan sekaligus merumuskan solusi alternatif. Integritas Nasional dan NKRI harga mati adalah fondasi yang dibangun atas kesejahteraan, keadilan diatas tatanan hukum yang menaruh konteks sosial budaya sebagai aspek yang perlu dihormati dan dijunjung tinggi.

Shalom, Tuhan Jaga

Herdy Ezra Wayoi
Ketua LSM PAGARAS
Papua Garis Keras

Download The Press Release Here

ENGLISH VERSION

PRESS RELEASE

Developing Papua is Building Indonesia

Introduction
Building Papua is building Indonesia. The President Jokowi’s era must be acknowledged as very serious in developing Papua, namely by making Papua and West Papua one of the development priorities. This commitment is confirmed by a series of policies starting from Law no. 21 of 2001 concerning Special Autonomy for the Province of Papua, Presidential Instruction No. 9 of 2017, followed by Presidential Instruction No. 9 of 2020 concerning the Acceleration of Welfare Development in Papua and West Papua Provinces, and Presidential Decree No. 20 of 2020 concerning the Integrated Coordination Team for the Acceleration of Development in the Provinces of Papua and West Papua. The policy was then revised related to the implementation of Special Autonomy which was poured into Law no. 2 of 2021.

In accordance with the mandate of Law no. 2 of 2021, the Government is currently preparing a Master Plan for the Acceleration of Development in Papua for 2022 – 2041 as well as preparations for the establishment of a Special Agency. With the issuance of a new affirmative policy for Papua 2020-2024, the acceleration of development in Papua and West Papua is expected to be more integrated in the forum of the Integrated Coordination Team for the Acceleration of Development for Papua and West Papua.

The anticipation of what will happen as a result of efforts to speed up the development of Papua has been carefully planned out. This includes strategies like transitioning and restructuring the region, managing special autonomy funds more effectively, organizing regional government institutions, and finding ways to involve Papuan Indigenous People more in the process. President Jokowi’s commitment to this cause is clear, as he has instructed 27 Ministries/Institutions to focus on improving the welfare of Papua Province and West Papua Province. They will be focusing on key areas such as basic services, boosting the local economy, improving infrastructure, expanding digital connectivity, and setting up new institutions.

It’s great to see that the government is taking steps to make sure that Papua develops in a sustainable and inclusive way. By involving local communities and focusing on key areas like infrastructure and economic development, we can hope to see real progress in the region. It’s important that the special autonomy funds are managed properly, so that they can have the maximum impact on improving the lives of the people in Papua.

President Jokowi’s directive to the Ministries and Institutions shows that he is serious about making a difference in Papua. By giving specific instructions on what areas to focus on, he is ensuring that the efforts are targeted and effective. It’s encouraging to see such a hands-on approach from the government, as it shows that they are committed to seeing real change in the region.

Overall, it’s clear that there is a lot of potential for growth and development in Papua. By focusing on key areas like infrastructure, economic development, and involving local communities, we can hope to see real improvements in the region. With the government’s commitment and strategic planning, there is a real opportunity to make a positive impact on the lives of the people in Papua.

The implementation of strategic measures in Papua has undoubtedly led to progress in various aspects such as infrastructure, education, social welfare, and the economy. The Papua Special Autonomy Fund has played a significant role in driving positive changes across political, social, and economic spheres. However, it is imperative that we continuously evaluate the effectiveness of these funds to ensure they are being utilised optimally for the benefit of Papuan children.

In order to build a better Papua, we must provide our children with the best possible opportunities in education. Unfortunately, there are educational facilities and infrastructure, particularly school buildings, that are not being fully utilised. Additionally, there is an uneven distribution of teachers, a lack of capacity-building initiatives for educators at all levels of education, and insufficient professional development allowances. These issues are exacerbated by a lack of supervision and inadequate community support, ultimately impacting the quality of school management.

By addressing issues such as underutilised resources, teacher distribution disparities, and inadequate professional development opportunities, we can pave the way for a brighter future for Papuan children and build a stronger foundation for a better Papua.

Balanced Development
The development of Papua requires a new spirit, a new paradigm, and a new way of working. It is necessary to build a new system and design, a more effective way of working in order to be able to produce a leap in prosperity for the people of Papua and West Papua.

An essential aspect to consider is shifting the focus of balanced development away from Java and towards regions outside Java, particularly in Eastern Indonesia, including Papua. The advancement of Papua serves as a key indicator of successful government development that prioritises Indonesia as a whole. When evaluating the progress of development efforts that are centred on Indonesia. Papua’s progress is one indicator of the achievement of successful government development that is oriented towards Indonesia-centricity.

The shift towards a more inclusive and Indonesia-centric development approach in Papua is a testament to the government’s dedication to creating a brighter future for all Indonesians.

Physical development of road infrastructure continues to increase the length of roads in Papua. Currently, roads in Papua cover 2,636.73 km of national roads, 2,361.76 km of provincial roads, and 2,636.73 km of district/city roads. The construction of this road is intended to facilitate access to transportation and economic activities in Papua. In addition, this road access also aims to reduce the price of basic commodities.

In addition, to encourage the realization of balanced development, accelerate the development of basic rights, housing, sanitation, clean water, electricity, and telecommunications, as well as equitable distribution of infrastructure development, such as the sea highway, Papua Terang 2019, and the Palapa Ring in the Papua region. from a series of action plans derived from the grand plan to develop Papua.

Another effort that should be appreciated is the policy of making equal distribution throughout Indonesia, which is realized through village funds that are specifically allocated in the APBN. The village fund was first disbursed in 2015 with a total budget of IDR 20.76 trillion. Village funds continue to increase from year to year, in 2021, the budget funds to be disbursed will reach IDR 72 trillion.

Because this opportunity has been provided through village funds, of course this must be used by all villages in Indonesia, especially villages in West Papua so that they can be moved to be part of the progress of the country.

Building to Change the Face of Papua
Two key words that must be understood to change the face of Papua. Both are peace and self-respect. The most appropriate approach for Papua is how to recognize the dignity and worth, even though it has been emphasized in various regulations, including Law No. 21 of 2021.

The government’s attitude is also considered not effective in solving the problem of Papua. One of them is the denial of the problems in Papua. Regardless of the complexity of the Papua issue, discussions or efforts to resolve the Papuan issue must begin with an acknowledgment that there is indeed a conflict in Papua, especially regarding the Customary Territory and OAP.

There are several problems faced in formulating an approach in preparing a development plan. Some are economic-political because of the struggle for natural resources. There is also a historical-ideological one, which is guided by the fact that the future of Papua can only be built if the past has been resolved. The government assumes that infrastructure development will gain legitimacy from the people in the Papua, but in reality, this is not the case.

The context of the conflict rests on a prolonged reality, present and future. Meanwhile, the context of indigenous peoples is that the development carried out by the government is not necessarily in accordance with the needs of where indigenous peoples live, because of the plurality and complexity of the indigenous peoples who live there.

In terms of armed conflict, the reality is that there are differences in the perspectives of the separatist groups and the government, resulting in identity sentiments which are added to the issue of exploitation of natural resources, as part of the conflict in Papua. That’s why development in Papua often includes the question “for whom”? The question “for whom” due to cultural, legal, customary territorial neglect and communication with OAP has become commonplace.

Despite the sad reality above. The government has indeed made programs that directly touch the community, such as the provision of clean water installations, housing and environmental sanitation, proper housing and environmental roads. The government also encourages the concept of developing markets which are expected to be a tool for social interaction between ethnic groups and between religions.

Despite the above conditions, the government’s current steps are being observed to be quite effective by taking a dialogue approach to unravel the problem as well as to formulate alternative solutions. National Integrity and the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia at a fixed price are the foundations that are built on welfare, justice above the legal order that puts the socio-cultural context as an aspect that needs to be respected and upheld.

Shalom, God Speed

Herdy Ezra Wayoi
Head of PAGARAS NGO
Papuan Hardline